science

Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace , was an English mathematician and writer who is widely regarded as the first computer programmer. Born Ada Gordon, the sole child of the poet Lord Byron and his mathematics-loving wife Annabella Milbanke, she was raised under a strict regimen of science and mathematics to counteract any inherited poetic temperament. Educated privately by William Frend, William King, and the noted scientific author Mary Somerville, Lovelace’s mathematical talents led her at age seventeen to a lifelong friendship and working relationship with Charles Babbage, inventor of the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. In 1842, she translated an article about Babbage’s Analytical Engine by the Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea, supplementing it with extensive notes that tripled its length. Lovelace’s notes contained what is recognized as the first algorithm intended for implementation on a machine—a method for calculating Bernoulli numbers—earning her the title of the world’s first computer programmer. More significantly, she was the first to recognize that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation. She envisioned encoding and manipulating information such as music, anticipating by more than a century the modern understanding of computers as general-purpose symbol processors. Though her contributions were largely forgotten after her death from uterine cancer at age 36, Lovelace’s legacy was rediscovered in the twentieth century. The programming language Ada was named in her honor, and the second Tuesday of October is now celebrated as Ada Lovelace Day, honoring women’s contributions to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Adam Davis is a physicist and educator. He received his degree from Case Western University and currently teaches physics at Wayne State College. His academic pursuits extend beyond conventional physics into areas that bridge science and theology, particularly within the context of Latter-day Saint beliefs. Davis’s interests lie in exploring the concept of “spirit matter,” a topic central to Mormon theology. He approaches this subject through a scientific lens, seeking to develop models and frameworks for understanding its nature and properties. His work examines the theological necessity of spirit matter and considers its implications for human advancement and the attainment of divine potential. At the Mormon Thought & Engineering Vision conference held in 2009, Davis presented his perspectives on spirit matter, acknowledging the limited understanding currently available while emphasizing the importance of continued exploration. He examined scriptural and anecdotal accounts, including descriptions of spirit bodies and the spirit world, to inform his approach and stimulate further discussion on this complex topic—ultimately suggesting that no current models are completely adequate. Davis served on the MTA Board of Directors for several years.

Albert Einstein (1879–1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists in human history. His contributions to physics fundamentally reshaped humanity’s understanding of space, time, energy, and the cosmos. Born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire, Einstein developed the special and general theories of relativity, and his mass–energy equivalence formula, E = mc², has been called the world’s most famous equation. In 1921, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, a pivotal contribution to the development of quantum theory. Einstein held academic positions at the University of Zurich, Charles University in Prague, the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and, after emigrating to the United States in 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he remained until his death. Beyond his scientific achievements, Einstein was a profound philosophical thinker who often reflected on the relationship between science, mystery, and what he described as a “cosmic religious feeling.” He expressed deep reverence for the rational structure of the universe, once stating that “the most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.” While not religiously orthodox, his sense of awe at the intelligibility of nature resonates with transhumanist and theological themes of humanity’s capacity to comprehend and participate in the divine order of creation. Einstein’s legacy speaks powerfully to the Mormon Transhumanist vision: his life exemplifies the extraordinary potential of the human mind to transcend prior limitations, to unveil deeper truths about reality, and to expand the horizon of what humanity can know and become.

Alexei Turchin is a researcher focused on existential risks and a prominent figure in the Russian transhumanist movement, having been involved since 2007. His work explores the intersection of technology and philosophy, particularly concerning the potential for technological resurrection. In his presentation, “You Only Live Twice” shared at MTAConf 2019 (whose theme was “Redeeming Our Dead”), Turchin delved into the possibility of using computer simulations of the past for technological resurrection. He draws inspiration from Russian cosmist Nikolai Fedorov, emphasizing the importance of preserving information, especially the human brain’s connectome, for future reconstruction of individuals. His research encompasses various methods for achieving technological resurrection, including cryonics, digital immortality, plastination, and advanced AI simulations of historical events. Turchin posits that a future superintelligence could potentially reconstruct even those whose resurrection was not actively prepared for.

Allen Hansen was raised in northern Israel within the LDS faith, an experience that has profoundly shaped his academic and personal interests. His interdisciplinary scholarship spans a wide range of subjects, reflecting his diverse background and intellectual curiosity. Hansen’s research interests are particularly focused on the intersection of Mormonism, Judaism, and Biblical studies, with a keen interest in late antiquity. He also has scholarly interests in journalism, as well as Eastern European and Middle Eastern studies. This breadth allows him to explore unique connections between seemingly disparate fields. Hansen also brings a practical dimension to his scholarship through interests in business management and positive psychology, both of which he frames through the lens of Zion — exploring how organizational design and individual well-being might serve a larger communal vision. This thread of his work aligns naturally with the Mormon Transhumanist Association's broader project of bridging faith and posthumanism.